Supervised Learning in 60 Seconds
18 bite-size cards · 60 seconds each
Open Source vs. Closed AI: The Battle That Defines the Industry
Meta released Llama 3. Anyone can download it, modify it, run it locally. OpenAI keeps GPT-4 closed. Two completely opposite bets — and the stakes couldn't be higher.
Tokens: The Building Blocks of AI Language
AI doesn't read words — it reads tokens. And the difference matters more than you'd think. Why 'strawberry' has 3 R's but GPT couldn't tell you — until recently.
Context Windows: AI's Working Memory
Why does ChatGPT forget what you said 50 messages ago? Because AI models have a limited 'working memory' called the context window — and what happens at the edges is fascinating.
Prompt Engineering: The New Developer Skill
The difference between a mediocre AI response and a brilliant one is often just how you asked. Prompt engineering is a real discipline — and it's worth learning.
Why AI Hallucinates — and How to Fix It
AI confidently inventing fake citations, wrong dates, and people who never existed. It's not a bug — it's a fundamental feature of how these models work. Here's why, and what's being done.
How ChatGPT Actually Works
ChatGPT isn't searching the internet or looking things up. It's predicting the next word — billions of times per second. Here's the real magic behind it.
What Is AI Image Generation?
AI image generation creates pictures from text descriptions in seconds. Type 'a cat in a business suit' and get exactly that. Tools like DALL-E, Midjourney, and Canva AI are transforming marketing, design, and content creation — no design skills or expensive software required.
Free vs Paid AI: What Do You Actually Get?
Free AI tiers use older, slower models with usage limits. Paid tiers ($20/month typically) unlock the latest models, faster responses, and unlimited usage. For occasional use, free works fine. For daily professional use, paid tiers deliver noticeably better quality and save time.
GPT vs Claude vs Gemini: What's the Difference?
GPT (OpenAI), Claude (Anthropic), and Gemini (Google) are competing AI assistants with different strengths. GPT has the biggest ecosystem, Claude handles long documents best, Gemini integrates with Google. Trying all three free tiers helps you pick the right tool for each task.
What Is Hallucination in AI?
Hallucination is when AI confidently states something completely false — fake statistics, made-up sources, wrong dates. This happens because AI predicts likely text, not verified facts. Knowing this keeps you from trusting AI blindly and helps you verify outputs for important work.
What Are Tokens and Why Should You Care?
Tokens are how AI reads text — roughly 1 token equals 3/4 of a word. AI tools charge per token and have token limits. Understanding tokens helps you stay within limits, reduce costs on paid APIs, and know why AI sometimes 'forgets' earlier parts of long conversations.
What Is a Prompt?
A prompt is the instruction you give to AI. Vague prompts get vague results; specific prompts get exactly what you need. Learning to write good prompts is the single fastest way to get 10x more value from any AI tool you already use.
What Is a Large Language Model (LLM)?
LLMs are AI systems like ChatGPT and Claude trained on billions of words to read and write like humans. They power chatbots, writing assistants, and coding tools. Knowing how LLMs work helps you write better prompts and understand why AI sometimes makes mistakes.
What Is Artificial Intelligence, Really?
AI is software that learns patterns from examples instead of following fixed rules. When Google recognizes faces in your photos or Netflix recommends shows, that's AI analyzing patterns. Understanding this helps you use AI tools more effectively and spot where AI can save you hours of work.
What is Unsupervised Learning?
No labels needed. The model finds hidden patterns in data entirely on its own — like discovering customer segments nobody told you existed.
Supervised Learning in 60 Seconds
Train a model with labelled examples, and it learns to predict the label for new, unseen data.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
AI enables computers to learn, reason, and make decisions. It powers everything from your phone's autocorrect to self-driving cars.
Machine Learning vs. AI: What's the Difference?
AI is the goal; machine learning is the most popular approach. Not all AI is ML, but most modern AI is.
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